Current Location：Home > Study > The Gulf of Mexico, Dalian Bay spilled oil accident risk management thinking

       The Gulf of Mexico, Dalian Bay spilled oil accident risk management thinking

Text reproduced China oil spill emergency network Zhang Zhaokang He Yuchuan Feng Quan

Oil spill in Mexico Bay BP blowout triggered once become the focus of world attention. Then the Dalian port of Xingang oil pipeline broken oil spill events once again tense people's nerves, in the ocean on the other side of the oil spill disaster occurred in the blink of an eye sight, become a real threat, the marine administrative management and marine petroleum and natural gas industries are by far the most serious challenge. As a case of risk management can be compared to the local waters, objectively speaking Dalian port of Xingang in the whole process of oil spill incident was successful. The local government responded quickly, work goal is clear, command and coordination section of. Marine, environmental protection and maritime played their respective administrative and professional management level. Dalian Municipal People's exhibit impressive master spirit, also includes a dedicated firefighters and volunteers. Fixed point source in a limited leakage and combustion fixed point source and the Gulf of Mexico oil spill continuous and infinite leakage amount are very different, with the depth of water and sea state caused by emergency disposal difficulty of the latter, calm sea and northeast wind Help Dalian Bay spilled oil recovery. Mend the fold after the sheep have been stolen. Risk management is the purpose of prevention. A careful analysis of the cause of the accident, to summarize the lessons and avoid recidivism, sea oil spill risk management has room for improvement. The marine administrative and offshore oil industry how to strengthen risk management in the prevention of waters, according to the Gulf of Mexico oil well BP eruption, Dalian Gulf oil spill response process, the reflection and coping strategy, combined with the status quo of China's maritime risk management and put forward the following views for reference. An accident of oil spill risk management strategy. After the adjustment of Mexico Bay BP well after the United States of America reorganization of major oil, marine management department MMS ( Minerals Management Service - the author note ), renamed the Bureau of ocean energy management, separating the MMS regulatory and tax functions of the original. As a first step to strengthen the spilled oil and risk management, the Bureau of ocean energy management and coastal States to make regional emergency plan. Beihai British marine management department DECC ( Department of energy and climate change - the author note ) requires "enterprise safety culture oil company for many years to develop the must from top management to the platform operators understand rather than verbal declaration ", put forward 5 years to absorb lessons from the Gulf of Mexico well blowout, regulatory measures to the technical standards and process audit assessment. The Middle East oil-producing country that Arabia sea area supervision of developed countries to increase and some deepwater projects deferred will increase in the Middle East and the outlet pressure of scale of operation, thereby increasing the local oil spill risk, risk management must be adjusted accordingly. While Iran is careful evaluation of BP oil well eruption events, not blindly believe that their warning National Oil Co operating standards and environmental protection efforts rather than Multi-National Corporation, do expect more stringent regulation of preparation. Libya began to decrease on BP and other operations in the Middle East Multi-National Corporation the ability to resist risk rating, improve supervision and management standard. The state administrative department of marine affairs in China is obviously increased supervision, the whole monitoring and integrity of marine environmental safety management thinking. The offshore oil industry requires enterprises seriously digest BP lessons from the accident, from the management, technology, operation process and puts forward reform suggestions, according to the emergency response capability research increase emergency ship and emergency resources, accelerate the pace of the construction of the emergency ability. Marine oil spill risk management refers to the sovereign waters for oil and gas exploration, development and transport operations can be also part of the oil spill risk management. For the offshore oil industry, a part of the oil spill risk just offshore operation encountered risk, describe the risk management function by ERP program; for the marine administrative, spilled oil is part of risk management in integrity management, according to the division of the functions of the government, in accordance with the law to achieve the function of risk management. Two marine oil spill risk management resources to fulfill the oil spill risk management responsibilities must have the management of resources as a guarantee, emergency resource is the essential resource. Emergency resource according to reason instead of oil spill risk analysis configuration pale. Analysis depends largely on the risk management of oil spill risk prediction factors weights considered and remedy judgment of oil spill risk, therefore, must have the rationality and prospective. According to the quantitative risk analysis and risk identification for major regional contingency plan, decided to focus on the allocation of oil spill emergency resources in the area. Marine oil spill risk management and emergency resource manager or coordinator. But in fact does not require risk management and emergency resource management roles at the same time as. Risk management does not keep risk money but can guide coordination case are finding. For the marine administration, through the Sea Branch implementation of the risk management includes the oil spill, is the chief of state sovereignty in the sea; offshore oil industry according to the OPRC convention graded response framework arrangements, legal requirements and the principles of those who created pollution, through its various sea branch implementation of risk management includes the oil spill., is the highlight of corporate social responsibility. The same risk managers, at the intersection of the oil spill that risk, reflects the emphasis on the different. It is especially noteworthy, in the Gulf of Mexico and Beihai does not exist to occupy the operation main body of state-owned enterprises. British Petroleum so-called (i.e. BP- author's note ), nor the UK National enterprises. Even so, the United States government involved in a high-profile, maritime emergency recovery, resource coordination and water plugging are implemented by the UK oil group, because of its resources and technology of its risk management role for government intervention has not weakened. Authorization for historical reasons, inadequate resources and lack of each branch, sea oil industry oil spill risk management role of the lack of identity and psychological preparation of the sea. Emergency plan lacks regional risk management or simply to replace ERP, is not identity proof. The Gulf of Mexico oil spill, the oil companies to review the emergency management system of their own, found a lot of bugs. The establishment of emergency strategy, risk management models blamed MMS 's mistaken. This model is organized by MMS, many scientists and scholars, established in 1990 2004 update. Federal regulations, including British Petroleum Companies must be in accordance with this model, the implementation of risk management and strategy formulation, however the model does not predict occurred in the 1500 meters underwater blowout, overflow may drift range of oil and. Effects of 100 miles of beach obviously can not describe this as long as 300 miles above the oil spill. For the oil spill risk, whether from the exploration and development of deep water plugging, grasp the equipment and resources, the oil industry because of advantages than the government commissioned by the university or academic institutions have more right to speak. A more equitable interpretation should not completely blame MMS, if the Gulf of Mexico oil company offshore oil spill risk management roles fully take up and ready, there may be a totally different results. Two. The oil spill risk management information to fulfill the oil spill risk management responsibilities must be based on accurate information resources. Prevention of the risk management requirements of the waters along the beach all kinds of offshore oil facilities, processing terminal design, age, status, work flow and the risk of well, the offshore oil facilities of the emergency resources, equipment, know the score. The information developed in the era of computer systems to help it is not difficult to achieve this goal. A huge amount of dynamic information, including the current sea of hydrology, weather, sensitive areas and sensitive time, information technology background and data acquisition, information resources to screening and processing difficult. Risk management of the same, according to the different emphasis, should encourage and support the marine administrative, the oil industry and the emergency professional institutions to establish their own database according to the different species collected and acquisition channel. The timeliness of the information requirements of data update mechanism, need to regularly communicate with each kind of data between databases verify. Oil spill accident before the collecting data is the most important moment of emergency risk management information, sensitive data is also concerned by the public. Oil spill quantity and oil quality is formulated strategies, must be accurate. The Gulf of Mexico and the Beihai sea risk management for operators to provide recommended engineering calculation model, gives the storage tank, pipeline, operating the ship, oil facilities in different scene underflow the amount calculation method. Allowing for the collection scope, pays attention to the angle, time difference on the overflow volume differences exist in the database, can be classified to technical reasons, but must exclude any interference from the non technical reasons. The oil industry 's maritime risk management should be in the oil output of crude oil prior to the establishment of the database on the basis of quality, including weathering model to calculate the amount of emulsifying capacity and weathering, together with the flash point, ignition point and viscosity, for strategic planning, resource selection and emergency personnel safety reminder. Calculation of weathering and emulsifying capacity results provide a reasonable basis for residual oil to after the accident report. Oil spill accident data collection is also important. No matter for the engineering accident, technology or management reasons should be as heavily to buy the information included in the database is shared between the area of risk management, should not be locked in the drawer as no echo. Any disaster damage also provides an excellent learning opportunities for the area of risk management and the oil industry, to guide their clever also guide others make no or little make the same mistake. The marine administrative management, after the spill data can help to update testing standards and detection methods, update for offshore oil facilities in normal function and in the international risk management communication in question and answer the questions on data. For the oil industry, and hereby causes environmental accidents due to engineering design, operation failure database, computational steering correction offshore oil facilities hedge safety margin, revised guidelines for offshore operations process and update work standards. In risk management, which found that need to improve space. Oil spill accident statistics also helps to improve marine oil spill risk analysis, in reality, due to the lack of its own sea oil spill accident statistics, statistical data had to use the other side of the ocean and the lack of convincing. Using real information in the face of the media is another important content in risk management. Public support is the sea of risk management, ability of communication media is an important index to consolidate the foundation of. In the increasingly complex information ocean, reliable source of the mainstream media to continue as news, news and comment. The information source to eliminate the interference of non technical reasons, with the real, objective support, obtaining public trust, understanding and participation. Only in this way, the media can assist in risk management effectively convey to the public information, guide social consensus. Three regional oil spill contingency plan regional emergency plan is in risk management of oil spill emergency response of the interpreter, is the important support files in risk management system. The marine administrative management have contingency plans for the waters, once the waters to describe the major oil spill how to intervene, coordination and guidance. The oil industry branches also have the sea oil spill contingency plans, contingency plans for oil spill in part of the original is not detailed enough, do not have the regional oil spill risk management program. The waters of emergency plan especially not subordinate block, oil emergency plan superimposed, according to each block, the oil spill risk list is not a substitute for regional oil spill risk judgment. Should be unified method, oil spill risk analysis content and data collection format, in order to determine strategies and resource allocation index. As the marine administrative management and offshore oil operations applicants acceptable scale, to recommend quantitative oil spill risk analysis tools. The object of risk analysis includes offshore oil facilities including operation mode. Oil spill risk caused by the accident probability and accident consequences. The accident probability interpretation is likely to lead to oil spill, expressed as a percentage; oil spill accident consequences is defined as the oil spill volume, expressed in metric volume or weight unit. Oil spill risk analysis using empirical analysis, empirical analysis and theoretical calculation of the combination of the two methods of analysis and offshore oil facilities and operations associated probability and oil spill volume. Risk analysis in typical event probability and spill, according to influence range, damage severity and recovery cycle long, a major oil spill risk, sea management will be the main focus to prevent the occurrence of such events. Constitute a prerequisite for major oil spill accidents more than 0.1% and more than 100 tons of overflow probability. Analysis on the safety distance must increase oil facilities between the inner and the associated risks. Distance, pipeline and pipeline platform and the platform of distance does not meet the safety distance, will produce the superposed risk. In 2009 two Mexico oil platform collided in the storm and Dalian Xingang port two adjacent pipeline hazards have detonated broken case enough to remind the associated risks. Sea level resources and other external resources should be incorporated into the regional oil spill contingency plan, risk managers coordinate the mobilization by the sea. Regional oil spill contingency plans must bear ( parent company ) and ( each block and oil ), emergency planning docking and and marine administrative branches, local government. Focus on the waters of WCD ( major oil spill accidents English abbreviations, author's note ) oil spill accident arrange and coordinate external resources, own or entrust, to increase R & D spilled oil recovery, oil spill cleanup technology investment. Marine oil spill contingency plan configuration section, according to the Mexico Bay and Beihai experience, must include a signed with external resources service contract photocopy is considered as supporting documents. The emergency plan of each sea oil industrial branches shall provide and regional agencies, marine local government emergency office report communication interface. On the basis of oil spill location, sea water is divided, combination or terrestrial, drift direction and weathering characteristics, decided to cooperate with the report what agency. No need to use the resources will not disturb. To achieve accurate judgment of the situation, at the initial time, emergency start with must be professionals involved in emergency command group. In order to strengthen emergency personnel training to enable emergency resources can play an effective role, it is necessary to an operator training standards and the number of participating as emergency capability assessment basis. In command of the leadership and management of cadres should arrange the time to take the IMO three level training, guarantee emergency initial make professional judgment by default professionals. Four marine risk emergency resource cost of emergency resources of oil spill risk management needs funds to ensure. The source of funds and financing needs in a fair, justice, reasonable principles, so as not to use all the taxpayers' money for the bottom line. According to the use of cocoa is divided into easy clean-up costs and damages. Also according to the fair, justice, reasonable principle, these expenses shall be borne by the accident party payment. Clean-up costs, including direct collection, clearance, disposal for sea oil spill artificial, equipment, resources, mobilization and logistics support costs, and indirect for advance resource preparation, equipment configuration and maintenance, personnel hiring and training management cost. Oil spill risk unpredictable risks, as emergencies, if no prior emergency equipment, preparation of resources and maintain maintenance, no prior work personnel hiring and training, - these need cost, how can the oil spill accident quickly put the response? The direct costs of cleanup costs in better understanding is also easy to accept, for raising the indirect cost is not easy to be understood and accepted. According to the OPRC convention proposed classification response framework and China's " people's Republic of China offshore oil exploration and development of environmental protection management regulations ", " construction project of prevention and control of marine pollution damage to the marine environment management regulations " explicitly proposed operators offshore oil facilities should be equipped with emergency equipment and resources to deal with the oil spill pollution of the environment. Indirect costs from the nature should be counted as the cost of production. The response to the exploration and development of oil spill pollution of the environment and the risk cost of production. The operator can use this part of the cost of self-improvement of establishing emergency power can also be part of this cost is commissioned by the latter to perform statutory obligations. In the legal system